As the world prepares to observe the tenth anniversary of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, grim reminders of that day are once again flashing across TV and computer screens. Whether or not your workers were directly affected by the events of 9/11, you may have noticed that something's not quite right in your workforce these days. It's called anniversary reaction and the symptoms may be compromising the safe behaviors of your workers.

What Is Anniversary Reaction?

Anniversary reactions are an intensification of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They don't happen just after natural disasters and terrorist attacks, of course. People experience these reactions on anniversaries of other traumatic events, such as the death of a spouse, end of a war, a car accident or a physical or sexual assault.

Who Does Anniversary Reaction Affect?

Those directly affected by historic events such as September 11 may experience anniversary reactions. But the replaying of graphic images of 9/11 and interviews with victims' families stirs up the feeling of loss we all felt during the events. And those already coping with PTSD unrelated to the event may experience stronger reaction symptoms than others.

What Are the Effects of Anniversary Reaction?

During the anniversary of a traumatic event, many physiological and psychological reactions are triggered. These reactions include emotional numbness, anxiety and depression. Fear, distrust and vulnerability are also common. Many will feel a strong need to protect themselves, to assure themselves of their own and their loved ones' safety. Those experiencing anniversary reactions may be:

• Tired - they may have trouble sleeping or have their sleep disturbed by nightmares;
• Unable to concentrate - unwanted images, flashbacks or emotional numbness might make it hard for them to focus on the task at hand;
• Irritable or nervous - they may be anxious, angry, fearful or jumpy.

How You Can Help

As safety professionals know, workers who are tired, distracted or edgy are in a dangerous mindset. If your company has an Employee Assistance Program (EAP), remind your workers of the confidential and helpful nature of these services. And share with your workers these coping tips to help keep them safe.

Coping Tips for Anniversary Reaction Symptoms

Fatigue

• Stick to a regular bedtime schedule.
• If you're unable to fall sleep, get out of bed and read or drink warm milk.
• If your sleep is disturbed by a nightmare, remind yourself that you're not in any danger, calm yourself down and, if possible, talk to someone.

Concentration

• Be realistic in the tasks you can achieve.
• Break down tasks into small, manageable chunks.
• Write lists.
• Slow down.

Emotions

• If you're disturbed by flashbacks or images, keep your eyes open, drink some water, move around, take a few deep breaths and remind yourself that these are just memories.
• Remove yourself from a situation if you find you are getting angry. It doesn't help to take out unresolved anger on others.
• Exercise.
• Talk to someone you trust.

General

Those affected by strong anniversary reactions may find comfort in a ritual acknowledging the event. It's also important not to withdraw too much from others, another common response. Try to participate in social or recreational activities that you normally enjoy. Just be sure to avoid alcohol and other drugs; these can create more problems than they cure.

Conclusion

Not all survivors of a traumatic event experience anniversary reactions. But those who are troubled by these symptoms can expect them to diminish within a week or two of the event's anniversary. And remember: Awareness and support are all part of the continuing recovery process.

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